What is Rabies?
Rabies is a deadly viral disease that affects the central nervous system of mammals, including humans. It is caused by the rabies virus (rhabdovirus), which is found in the saliva of infected animals. Rabies is transmitted to humans and other animals through the bite of an infected animal, or through contact with the saliva of an infected animal on an open wound or mucous membrane.
Rabies is almost always fatal once symptoms develop, but it is 100% preventable with vaccination. Rabies vaccines are safe and effective, and they are required by law for most dogs and cats in the United States.
- Understanding Rabies
- Importance of Vaccination
- Rabies Vaccine for Dogs
- Rabies Vaccine for Cats
- Is Rabies Vaccine required?
1. Understanding Rabies
Rabies is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. The virus, known as rhabdovirus, affects the central nervous system of infected animals or people. Rabid animals exhibit symptoms such as aggression, isolation, agitation, neurologic signs, incoordination, paralysis, and foaming at the mouth. The virus is primarily spread through bites, as it is present in the infected animal’s saliva. Unfortunately, there is currently no treatment for Rabies once an animal or person becomes infected. In humans, a series of Rabies shots can be administered to mitigate the spread of the infection, while in animals, euthanasia is the only option, followed by laboratory testing to confirm Rabies post-mortem.
While Rabies has been largely eliminated from urban areas, the virus still persists in wildlife populations that may occasionally come into contact with domestic animals. Animals such as raccoons, bats, skunks, foxes, and coyotes can carry the Rabies virus and transmit it to pets.
3. Importance of Vaccination
Vaccinating our pets against Rabies is crucial to reduce the risk of infection if a bite occurs. Puppies and kittens typically receive their first Rabies vaccine at 12 weeks of age, which provides protection for one year. Depending on state regulations and vaccination laws, Rabies vaccination may be mandatory for all domestic animals, with non-compliance resulting in quarantine protocols.
4. Rabies Vaccination for Dogs
In dogs, Rabies vaccination can be administered every 1 to 3 years. Regular vaccination is required for veterinary visits, grooming sessions, and boarding facilities. Most often, dogs receive a killed virus adjuvanted vaccine, where the virus is rendered inactive, and an adjuvant is added to enhance the immune response.
5. Rabies Vaccination for Cats
Similar to dogs, Rabies vaccination for cats can be administered every 1 or 3 years. It is also mandatory for veterinary visits, grooming, and boarding. Cats usually receive a recombinant non-adjuvanted vaccine, in which the genetic composition of the virus is altered to remove additional immune-stimulating substances.
6. Why is Rabies Vaccination Required?
Veterinary clinics, groomers, and boarding facilities enforce Rabies vaccination requirements for a significant reason. Any animal, regardless of its size or temperament, has the potential to bite under certain circumstances. If an unvaccinated pet bites a human, the pet will need to be quarantined for 10 days and cannot be vaccinated against rabies within that time frame, while the bitten individual will undergo a series of four Rabies vaccines within a 14-day period at a hospital. Rabies poses a real threat to both animals and humans, making Rabies vaccination crucial for our pets. By adhering to vaccination schedules, we can protect our beloved companions from this deadly disease and prevent unnecessary complications in case of bites or potential exposure. Stay responsible and ensure your pet’s Rabies vaccination is up to date, providing them with the best possible protection against this dangerous virus.
For more information about Rabies, visit:
Rabies Aware
CDC.gov
References:
McCurnin’s Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians
cdc.gov
rabiesaware.org
Disclaimer: This blog is meant to be used as a resource tool for pet owners, pet enthusiasts, and anyone who would like to understand a little bit more about how to better care for our pets. As with any information on the internet, please take it with a grain of salt, and always consult with your veterinarian to discuss the best course of action for your furry friend.
Editor’s Note: The original version of this blog was published on June 16th, 2021.
